卡爾遜《寂靜的春天》讓我們知道了殺蟲劑的危害，今天，當年她呼吁的環境問題解決了嗎?是減緩了還是加重了?今年新版的《毒化的春天》將告訴你很多不為知曉的內幕!
Poison Spring: The Secret History of Pollution and the E.P.A.毒化的春天：污染秘史與美國環境保護署Vallianatos, E. G. (author) and McKay Jenkins (author).伊瓦格羅斯·瓦連納托斯(作者)與麥凱·詹金斯(作者)
出版日期：2014年4月
作者2014年3月13日郵件寫給中國政府部門、出版社與讀者們的話
首先，非常感謝關于轉基因食品的電視紀錄片。及時、富有洞察力、平衡的觀察，制作的非常好。向你與崔永元表示祝賀。
“毒化的春天”與中國相關。
這部書對化學產業與農業產業以及政府決策官員們濫用權力進行了譴責。
權力的濫用加速了水、食物與自然界的污染。這種不負責任的行為的結果在民眾與動物中，特別野生動物中，造成疾病與死亡。
這樣的影響在中國也非常顯然，因為中國也在對其原始的農業實行工業化。
中國也在效仿西方/美國環境監管模式，包括效仿這種模式的主要缺陷。
這種監管模式的缺陷之一是依賴危害所有生命的農藥、石化產品。
這種監管模式的第二個缺陷是，各國政府，中國政府也可能同樣，依賴于產業界測試自己產品的安全性。
“毒化的春天”記錄了依賴于產業界測試自己產品安全性的政策為什么有害。
企業公司要從自己的化學產品獲利，他們對他們測試的情況不會完全誠實。中國應當中國應該廢化學除草劑、殺蟲劑。但是如果有必要使用某些除草劑、殺蟲劑，應當由政府機構負責對這些化學品的測試。
最后，“毒化的春天”論證“環境保護”對健康、聲明、國家與世界安全至關重要。
污染意味著死亡，有時是立即死亡，但是，最大部分情況，是長期緩慢死亡。
這本書同時介紹小規模家庭農場如何成為擺脫對飲水與食物過量污染的最好方法。
中國具有小農場榮耀的和古老傳統。中國小農場農民擁有不用農藥或者僅使用很少量農藥解決全國食物需要的所有農業生態知識。此外，小規模農戶生產能力強非常有效。中國發展生態農業不需要任何外國模式。
由于這些理由，“毒化的春天”所談的正是中國面臨的現實。我推薦你們翻譯并且在中國出版這部著作。
瓦連納托斯在他的書《毒化的春天》對美國環境保護署進行揭露
托尼·米特拉，2014年6月6日
《毒性的春天》作者：伊瓦格羅斯·瓦連納托斯
As the title says, Evaggelos Vallianatos, along with Mr. M. Jenkins co-authored the book on EPA, and how the organization has been literally captured by the toxic chemical industry, to the disadvantage of the average American, and by extension, of the people the world over.
如書名所言，伊瓦格羅斯·瓦連納托斯，及其合作者M·杰金斯一起撰寫了關于美國環境保護署(EPA)的這部著作，揭示EPA如何實際上被毒性化學產業綁架與操控，不僅不利于普通美國人民，而且不利于更大范圍世界人民。
I found the book very useful to understand how toxic chemicals get approved and how much of a clout the industry has over the regulatory mechanism.
對于理解毒性化學品如何獲得批準，理解產業界對監管機制有多么巨大的影響力。
So much so that approached Evaggelos Vallianatos for a phone interview, even if I was not very successful in pronouncing his first name accurately.
為此我聯系了伊瓦格羅斯·瓦連納托斯，進行了一次電話采訪，盡管我念他的名字不太成功。
He agreed and we had a talk a few days ago.
他同意，我們幾天前進行了談話。
Here are the basic points:
談話的要點如下：
l The prevailing culture in EPA was to pretty much let the chemical industry to run the show.
l 美國環境保護署(EPA)中目前的文化基本上是讓化學產業主導其工作。
l The Government has been captured by the industry, and EPA is simply an example.
l 政府被產業界綁架，EPA更是這方面實例。
l EPA is too important to be allowed to be dominated by such outside forces.
l EPA的職責太重要了，不能夠允許它受到外部勢力的壟斷。
l Decision made in EPA are questionable due to the influence that comes from the Congress, from the White House and directly from the Chemical Industry.
l EPA內部做出的決定令人之一，因為這些決定受到的來自國會、來自白宮以及直接來自化學產業的影響。
l Credibility of science has been damaged due to the history of fraud in the testing of these toxic chemicals for decades.
l 幾十年來對這些毒性化學品試驗中造假的歷史，使科學的可信度遭到破壞。
l The climate of fear, and acceptance of outside influence, is still pervasive.
l 恐懼的氛圍以及接受外部影響，依然普遍。
l America aught to reject the current EPA and redesign it as an independent organization, with a wall of protection from the industry so the scientists would feel secure and confident that their work and decisions are to be made on reliable and untampered data.
l 美國應當放棄目前的EPA，將它重新設計為一個獨立的機構，建立防止產業界干預的防火墻，使科學家從事工作時能夠感到安全與有信心，使他們的工作與決定能夠基于可靠沒有受到扭曲的資料。
l Also, the EPA or the Government needs to create a set of independent laboratories to test all these chemicals before they get into the market, and not rely on labs under control of the industry.
l 此外，EPA或者政府需要創建一組獨立實驗室，對這些化學品進入市場前進行試驗，而不是依賴受到產業控制的實驗室。
l Credibility of the industry right now is as good as zero. Nobody trusts it’s findings. He himself would not trust them because of what he has seen in EPA.
l 對產業界自己進行的試驗的信任度目前為零。沒有人信任他們試驗的結果。伊瓦格羅斯本人，由于他在EPA內部看到的情況，也不能相信產業界自己進行的試驗。
l This is very important because this not only affects the people of America, but also of Canada and pretty much of the industrial world and beyond.
l 這非常重要，因為這種狀況不僅影響美國人民，而且影響加拿大人民，還很大程度上影響整個工業化世界與更多人民。
l This system needs to be reformed, and its workings set right, and the industry needs to be kept away from interfering with the work of this agency.
l 這個系統需要改革，他們的工作必須糾正，必須防止產業界干預EPA的工作。
l We need to raise awareness by speaking about it, in Canada, in USA and elsewhere, in order to raise public awareness to the level where it can make an impact.
l 我們必須通過談論這些問題提高人們的認識，在加拿大、在美國以及其他地方，將公眾認識的水平提高到能夠施加改革影響的程度。
l IT has been 53 years since Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring. There should be no need now to re-state the problem, and we are still tackling with the same old problem albeit with a new breed of toxicity.
l 雷切爾·卡森寫《寂靜的春天》到現在已經53年。目前原本不需要重新提出這些問題，雖然我們我們仍在解決新一代毒性化學品造成的相同老問題。
l SPAN book TV has interviewed Dr. Vallianatos to be broadcast soon – and people are encouraged to see it.
l 一家書評電視臺已經采訪了伊瓦格羅斯，很快播放 -- 鼓勵人們看這個節目。
l Eggevelos Vallianatos would love to speak to Canadians on this.
l 伊瓦格羅斯·瓦連納托斯非常愿意向加拿大公眾做介紹。
l He believes, if we have to select just a handful of pesticides that should be that should be removed immediately, we might kick our 2,4-D and Glyphosate.
l 他相信，如果我們選擇需要立即禁止的少數農藥的化，我們應當優先考慮2,4-D和草甘膦。
l When EPA banned 2,4,5-T, they likely made a secret agreement with Dow not to touch 2,4-D since it was so popular.
l EPA禁止2,4,5-T時，他們與陶化學公司達成了秘密協議：不碰2,4-D，因為它銷售太普遍。
l Glyphosate in Roundup is used for decades and there are some experts that believe it will destroy American agriculture. We don’t think such extremely toxic substances should be in our environment.
l 草甘膦除草劑農達中的草甘膦已經使用了幾十年，某些專家認為草甘膦將毀滅美國農業。我認為這樣非常毒性的物質不應當進入我們的環境。
l Moms Across America has some young mothers test their breast milk and found traces of Glyphosate in them. Imagine the feeling of the mothers when they know they might poison their babies through breast feeding !!
l 《媽媽們縱橫美國》的一些年輕母親們檢測了她們的母乳，發現有草甘膦殘留。你們相像一下這些母親的感受，知道她們可能通過母乳喂奶毒害她們的寶寶，她們是什么感受!!
l There is science papers out there already about how bad these toxins are for many animals and even humans. And now it is in mothers milk.
l 已經發表了許多科學論文，讓人們知道這些毒素對許多動物甚至人類有多么大危害。甚至母乳中現在都有了其殘留。
l Governments should ban it. There is enough good food possible through organic clean agriculture. There is no need for this toxic model.
l 政府應當禁絕草甘膦。通過有機的干凈的農業，我們完全可能有足夠的好的食品。這樣的毒性模式完全沒有必要。
l So why is this toxic industry surviving? Not to provide nutrition or kill insects do any favour to nature or people, Vallianatos argues. They survive so a small number of corporations can have a mega empire.
l 為什么這樣的毒性產業還能夠生存?不是為了提供營養，殺死害蟲對向自然界或者民眾有什么益處，瓦連納托斯強調。這些毒素繼續生存僅為了少數公司能夠保持其巨型帝國。
l Advise to Canadians – start eating organic food. Doing so you avoid GMO, you avoid pesticide, you avoid sludge, radiation, and other synthetic chemicals. Then, start influencing others to do the same. Join environment protection groups. Then try to organize bigger groups to influence the politics of your region and your nation.
l 對加拿大人的建議 -- 首先應當開始吃有機食品。這樣做你能夠避免轉基因，避免農藥、避免工業污泥、放射性以及其他合成化學品的危害。然后開始影響其他人也吃有機食品。參加環境保護團體。然后，努力組織更大的團體影響你們地區性以及你們國家的相關政治決策。
《亞馬遜》書評：“餐館菜單如果列出食物含氯代烴類殺蟲劑，你會怎么辦?”
http://www.amazon.com/Poison-Spring-Secret-History-Pollution/dp/1608199142
Imagine walking into a restaurant and finding chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, or neonicotinoid insecticides listed in the description of your entree. They may not be printed in the menu, but many are in your food.
相像一下，你走進一家餐廳，發現菜單上某些菜的說明說這道菜含氯代烴類殘留，那道菜含煙堿類殺蟲劑殺蟲劑殘留，你會是什么感覺。實際上，菜單中沒有這樣的注明，但你吃的許多食物中確實有。
These are a few of the literally millions of pounds of approved synthetic substances dumped into the environment every day, not just in the US but around the world.
這只是每天傾瀉到環境中數百萬磅經過批準的化合物中的幾種，不僅僅在美國，而且在全世界各地。
They seep into our water supply, are carried thousands of miles by wind and rain from the site of application, remain potent long after they are deposited, and constitute.
這些化合物滲入我們的水供應系統，風和雨把它們從噴灑地攜帶到數千英里之外，它們被丟棄與構成后很長時間保持其強大毒性作用。
In the words of one scientist, “biologic death bombs with a delayed time fuse and which may prove to be, in the long run, as dangerous to the existence of mankind as the arsenal of atom bombs.”
如一位科學家所說，“生物死亡炸彈帶有一個延遲起啟動引信，長期而言，它們對人類生存的危險性不亞于核武器庫。”
All of these poisons are sanctioned--or in some cases, ignored--by the EPA.
所有這些毒素都得到美國環境保護署的認可，或某些情況下被他們忽略。
For twenty-five years E.G. Vallianatos saw the EPA from the inside, with rising dismay over how pressure from politicians and threats from huge corporations were turning it from the public's watchdog into a "polluter's protection agency."
E·G·瓦連納托斯從內部對美國環保管理署(EPA)觀察了25年，親眼看到EPA在政治家們的壓力下與巨頭公司的威脅下如何從公共監察機構墮落為“污染保護機構”，讓他越來越沮喪。
Based on his own experience, the testimony of colleagues, and hundreds of documents Vallianatos collected inside the EPA, Poison Spring reveals how the agency has continually reinforced the chemical-industrial complex.
基于他自己的經驗，同事們的證詞，以及瓦連納托斯在EPA內部收集到的數百個文件，“毒化的春天”揭露EPA如何不斷強化了化學--產業體。
Writing with acclaimed environmental journalist McKay Jenkins, E.G. Vallianatos provides a devastating exposé of how the agency created to protect Americans and our environment has betrayed its mission.
與著名的環境記者麥凱·詹金斯一起撰寫這本書，E·G·瓦連納托斯致命揭露了為了保護美國人與我們的環境美國環境保護署如何從背叛了其宗旨。
Half a century after Rachel Carson's Silent Spring awakened us to the dangers of pesticides, we are poisoning our lands and waters with more toxic chemicals than ever.
雷切爾·卡森《寂靜的春天》讓我們醒悟農藥的危險后半個世紀，我們正在用毒性嚴重的多的化學品毒化我們的土地和水。
《新書目在線》書評：
Two outstanding environmental writers team up to tell the excoriating story of catastrophic collusion between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the chemical industry.
兩位知名的環境保護保護作家結伴揭露環境影保護署(EPA)與化學產業之間災難性勾結的故事。
Vallianatos worked for the EPA from 1979 to 2004 and witnessed the systematic undermining of the agency’s mission to set standards for environmental and health safety by major chemical manufacturers whose ruthless lobbying strategies were as insidious as the ecologically disastrous pesticides they aggressively promoted and brazenly misused.
瓦連納托斯從1979年到2004年為EPA工作了25年，親眼目睹對環境與健康安全性設立標準的環境保護署的職責如何遭到主要化學企業集團系統性的破壞，他們無情的游說策略像他們厚顏無恥大力推廣的生態災難殺蟲劑一樣陰險。
The title of this jaw-dropping exposé is a riff on Rachel Carson’s 1963 landmark protest of the use of DDT, Silent Spring.
這部令人驚嘆揭露專著的題目仿效自雷切爾·卡森1963年抗議使用DDT里程碑意義的《寂靜的春天》。
The carefully documented crimes and betrayals Poison Spring reveals unfold on two fronts.
《毒化的春天》從兩個方面展開與翔實記錄一系列犯罪與背叛。
Most alarming are the harrowing facts about the thousands of deadly synthetic chemicals that have for decades been released into the biosphere and which we continually absorb, from dioxin to agrochemical nerve gas to the weed killer Roundup.
最為令人警覺的是數千種致命毒素化合物釋放到生物圈中幾十年悲慘事實，我們至今還在吸收二惡英到農業化學神經毒氣到草甘膦除草劑農達。
Vallianatos and Jenkins explain the science behind these poisons and their many dire effects, from cancer to the death of honeybee colonies.
瓦連納托斯與詹金斯解釋了這些毒素后邊的科學及其一系列可怕的影響，從致癌到蜜蜂群死亡。
Equally appalling is the silencing of heroic EPA whistle--blowers, fraudulent scientific studies, and the hijacking of the democratic process.
同樣令人震驚的是揭露環境保護署使英勇的舉報者沉默、欺騙性的科學研究，以及對民主進程的劫持。
In this riveting indictment, Vallianatos and Jenkins valiantly divulge the blinding greed and unfathomable stupidity behind these unconscionable lies and travesties—assaults against the very fabric of life.
這些引人入勝的控訴中瓦連納托斯與詹金斯勇敢地披露這些不合理謊言背后炫目的貪婪和深不可測的愚蠢和悲劇 -- 攻擊損害生命的根基。
A resounding call for genuine and sustained environmental responsibility.
這部著作對真正和持續的環保責任發出響亮的呼喚。
— Donna Seaman
-- 多娜·希曼
Publishers Weekly：Review
美國《出版者周報》書評：
http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-60819-914-3
Vallianatos, after a 25-year stint at the Environmental Protection Agency, pulls back the curtain on the watchdog agency’s failure to guard public safety and monitor land use due to steady erosion of its enforcement practices. With environmental journalist Jenkins he blasts the EPA’s ineptitude since its 1970 inception, intensely pressured as it is by politicians and corporations to approve the use of synthetic chemicals without proper testing—“biologic death bombs” in the air, water, and in our bodies.
瓦連納托斯，在美國環境保護署工作了25年之后，揭開了掩蓋真相的幕布，揭露這個監管機構的執法實踐如何遭到持續侵蝕，背叛了其保護公眾安全和監測土地利用的職責。
The EPA, through its Congressional mandate, enforces more than a dozen environmental laws, yet it has approved hundreds of pesticides that have been used unnecessarily, excessively, or which have been outright abused, the book contends.
美國環境保護署(EPA)，通過國會授權，強制執行一系列環境保護法規，然而正是EPA批準了原本不必要或者從一開始濫用的數百種農藥，這本書說。
Vallianatos does give the agency credit for the hard-fought ban on DDT that was opposed by the chemical companies and pesticide apologists.
瓦連納托斯對EPA爭取到遭到化學公司與農藥辯護者反對禁絕DDT的斗爭給與肯定。
He also explores the causes of the dwindling honeybee population and the loss of the traditional family farms to the aggressive corporate giants, as well as the repression of EPA whistleblowers squashed by a code of silence and lack of access to information.
瓦連納托斯還探索了蜜蜂群減少與傳統家庭農場急劇減少的根源，認為侵略性公司巨頭是罪魁，其他原因包括環境保護署壓抑的環境、舉報者被沉默以及有關信息被掩蓋無法接觸。
The authors tout healthier living through small, nontoxic family farms while delivering an alarming, comprehensive account of a “fatally compromised” EPA mission crippled by bad enforcement practices and numerous corrupting influences. (Apr.)
兩位作者通過不使用毒性農藥的小規模家庭農場的實力宣傳健康的生活方式，同時揭露遭到驚人、全面“致命的損害”的環境保護署敗壞的執法實踐及其大量腐蝕性影響。
KIRKUS REVIEW
《KIRKUS評論》書評
https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/eg-vallianatos/poison-spring/
“We spend our lives living in a chemical soup,” writes Vallianatos (This Land Is Their Land: How Corporate Farms Threaten the World, 2006, etc.), who was a risk evaluator for the Environment Protection Agency from 1979 to 2004.
“我們終身生活在化學毒湯中”，瓦連納托斯寫道，他從1979年到2004年在美國環境保護署(EPA)擔任風險評估科學家工作，著有《這個土地是他們的土地：工業化公司農場如何威脅世界》(2006)等著作。
With Jenkins (Journalism/Univ. of Delaware; What’s Gotten Into Us: Staying Healthy in a Toxic World, 2011), he excoriates the agency for routinely yielding to outside pressure in regulating pesticides and other environmental pollutants.
與詹金斯一起譴責美國環境保護署在殺蟲劑和其他環境污染物監管中不斷屈服外界壓力。(詹金斯：新聞學/特拉華大學;2011年出版《什么進入了我們體內：在毒性世界保持健康》)
Founded in 1970, the EPA inherited Department of Agriculture personnel who brought their enthusiasm for chemical farming. Dedicated scientists arrived, but their findings are never the last word. That belongs to their superiors, who weigh evidence of an agent’s toxicity against industry spokesmen and fierce opposition of administration and Congress to “burdensome government regulation” and “attacks on the farmer.”
1970年建立的環境保護署，繼承了原先農業部熱衷于化學農業的一批人員。也吸收了一批專業的科學家，但是他們發現的問題在決策中得不到體現。做出決策的是他們的上級，他們將揭露產業界發言人的化學制劑毒性的證據，以及政府管理部門與國會激烈的反對，視為“繁重的政府監管”與“對農民的攻擊”。
The authors recite a depressing litany of poisons approved despite damning, inadequate or fraudulent testing—and often no testing at all.
作者列舉一系列令人沮喪的實際是毒藥的化學品盡管遭到咒罵依然獲得環境保護署批準，對它們的試驗不僅不足或進行了欺騙性的試驗 -- 甚至往往根本沒有進行任何測試。
EPA whistle-blowers, always portrayed as heroes, are usually ignored, demoted or fired.
美國環境保護署的舉報者，往往被民眾描繪為英雄，通常遭到忽略、降職或解職。
Although President Ronald Reagan’s effort to abolish the EPA failed, he weakened it dramatically. Abolition remains the goal of many Republicans, while Democrats oppose this plan.
盡管羅納德·里根總統廢止環境保護署的努力遭到失敗，他依然嚴重削弱了它。廢止環境保護署始終成為許多共和黨人的目標，民主黨人則反對這樣的計劃。
However, Democratic presidents, Barack Obama included, have proven a disappointment. Sadly, a minority of environmentalists excepted, Americans rarely pester their representatives about this subject or contribute to their campaigns. Agribusinesses and chemical manufacturers do both.
然而，民主黨的總統，包括巴拉克·奧巴馬，一直表明對環境保護署的不滿。不幸的是，除了少數環保主義者之外，美國人很少糾纏他們的議會代表對這個主題或他們推動環境保護的運動予以重視。
Even an impartial EPA official—rare in this damning indictment—hears mostly one side of an argument.
甚至一位公正負責任的環境保護署官員在絕大部分情況下只能聽到爭議事件單方面的意見 -- 強烈控訴中這極為罕見。
In the obligatory how-to-fix-it conclusion, Vallianatos and Jenkins suggest that the EPA should be run like the Food and Drug Administration and Federal Reserve—by experts, not political appointees. This is not likely.
探討如何解決問題的結論章節中瓦連納托斯與詹金斯提議，美國環境保護署應當像食品藥物管理署與聯邦儲備銀行那樣運行 -- 由專家，而非政治性指派者管理。盡管這不大可能實現。
Readers of this overheated but often on-the-mark polemic will conclude that the safest tactic is organic food and a fly swatter.
這場過熱但往往有的放矢論證的讀者們會結論，最安全的策略是有機食品和準備一個蒼蠅拍。
《毒化的春天：污染秘史與美國環保署》的作者簡介
https://www.netgalley.com/catalog/show/id/41926
E. G. Vallianatosis the author of five books, including Harvest of Devastation and This Land is Their Land, as well as more than two hundred articles, including pieces in Alternet.org and Truth-Out.org. He is also a blogger for the Huffington Post. He worked in risk evaluation at the EPA for twenty-five years, and now lives in Claremont, California.
E·G·瓦連納托斯是五部書的作者，包括《收獲災難》與《這個土地是他們的土地》，以及兩百多篇文章的作者，包括在開放式學術刊物Alternet.org 與Truth-Out.org上發表的多篇論文。他同時為《赫芬頓郵報》擔任博客專欄作者。他在美國環境保護署工作了25年，從事風險評價工作。他居住在加利福尼亞州Claremont市。
His coauthor McKay Jenkins has been writing about humans and the natural world for just as long. His most recent book, What’s Gotten Into Us: Staying Healthy in a Toxic World, was hailed as “a Silent Spring for the human body” by Richard Preston, author of The Hot Zone. Jenkins is the Cornelius Tilghman Professor of English, Journalism, and Environmental Humanities at the University of Delaware, where he has won the Excellence in Teaching Award.
合作作者麥凱·詹金斯二十多年來長期寫作關于人類與自然界的文章。他最近出版的著作《什么進入了我們的體內：在毒性世界保持健康》，被理查德·普勒斯頓贊揚為“人體的情悄悄的春天”，普勒斯頓為暢銷書《熱區域》的作者。詹金斯在特拉華大學英語、新聞學與人文環境學教授，獲得“優異教授”獎，與Cornelius Tilghman齊名。
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