阿拉伯利比亞民眾國有一個高標準的生活和維持健壯的人均每天3144卡路里的攝取量。自1980年以來，該國在公共衛生方面取得了長足進展，在2009年，嬰兒死亡率已從7%下降至1.9%。與此同時，平均預期壽命已從61歲上升至74歲。（糧農組織，羅馬，利比亞，國家概況）
據毫無保留地支持北約的人道主義R2P授權的“改革左派”的部門：“整個利比亞，特別是在的黎波里，到處興高采烈。人們對正在開始的新生活興奮不已。仿佛他們的生活有一個真正意義上的重生，感覺這種重生正在徐徐啟幕。（現在民主網站,2011年9月14日）
叛軍臨時充當“解放者”。恐怖分子充斥期間的基地組織的主要角色沒有被提及。
破壞喚醒了“重生”？恐懼和社會絕望，無法計量的死亡和戰爭暴行。這些獨立媒體作了大量報道。
沒有幸福……一個國家的經濟和社會發展已經發生歷史性的逆轉。所取得的成就已被毀滅。
北約的入侵和占領，標志著利比亞的生活水平的毀滅性的“重生”，這是被禁止說出的真相：整個國家動蕩不安、慘遭破壞，其人民被驅入貧困的深淵。
北約轟炸的初衷就是要破壞該國的生活水平，衛生基礎設施，學校和醫院，及其配水系統。然后由國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行掌控下的捐助者和債權人幫助“重建”。 “自由市場”的絕對命令是確立一個西式“民主專政”的先決條件。
大約9萬架次的襲擊，投放范圍內包括數以萬計的平民。住宅區，政府大樓，供水和發電設施。（8140襲擊架次從2011年3月31日到9月5日，見2011年9月5日的《北約公報》。）
整個國家已經被包括涂鈾的彈藥在內的最先進的彈藥轟炸了。
早在8月，聯合國兒童基金會警告說，北約大規模地轟炸利比亞的水基礎設施“可能變成一個前所未有的衛生防疫問題”（基督教保斯萊烏歐萊森聯合國兒童基金會駐利比亞辦事處，2011年8月）。
“戰爭有益于商業”。以國際金融機構為基礎，北約、五角大樓和華盛頓的密切配合，北約所破壞的將在“華盛頓共識”的指揮下由利比亞的西方債權人重建：
“具體來說，世界銀行負責評估維修和恢復北約轟炸的水，能源和運輸部門的需求，同時與國際貨幣基金組織合作，以支持預算編制（緊縮措施）使其銀行業回到正常運轉狀態（利比亞中央銀行是第一批被炸毀的政府建筑物之一）。為利比亞青年人創造就業機會已被列為國家面臨的迫切需要。”（世界銀行幫助利比亞重建和向公民提供基本服務）
利比亞的發展成果
無論個人如何看待穆阿邁爾•卡扎菲，在消除貧困，發展該國的衛生和教育基礎設施上，后殖民時期利比亞政府發揮了關鍵作用。據意大利記者伊馮•去•維托（Yvonne de Vito），“不同于其他經歷了革命的國家——利比亞被認為是非洲大陸的瑞士，非常富有，人民享受免費教育和免費醫療。婦女的境況也比其他阿拉伯國家要好。（《俄羅斯日報》，2011年8月25日）在一個標準的國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行的結構調整計劃（SAP）的背景下，利比亞的這些發展成就與大多數第三世界國家在西式“民主”和“治理”下所處現狀形成鮮明對比。
公共醫療服務
在北約的“人道主義干預”之前，利比亞的公共醫療服務是非洲最好的。 “醫療服務是由公共部門免費向所有公民提供，該國擁有在北非地區最高的識字率和教育入學率。政府大幅增加對衛生服務的研發預算... （世衛組織《利比亞國家簡介》）
由糧食和農業組織（FAO）所確認，營養不良率低于5％，人均每天3144卡路里的熱量攝取量。阿拉伯利比亞民眾國向其公民提供許多美國人都沒有的：免費的公共醫療，免費教育，正如世衛組織和聯合國教科文組織的數據所證實的一樣。
據世界衛生組織（WHO）：出生時預期壽命為72.3歲（2009年），在發展中國家是最高的。2009年，5歲以下的死亡率從1991年的7.1%下降至1.4%
2009年阿拉伯利比亞民眾國基本信息
總人口
6 42萬出生時預期壽命
75歲
人口年增長率2.0%人均國內生產總值 16502美元
0-14歲所占比例28%國內生產總值增長率 2.1%
農村人口比例22%償債總額占國民總收入的百分比^... ---
平均每名婦女生育2.6學齡兒童失學率 2%（1978）
嬰兒死亡率1.7
資料來源：教科文組織。利比亞國家概況
阿拉伯利比亞民眾國（2009）
出生時總預期壽命 72.3歲
男性出生時預期壽命70.2歲
女性在出生時預期壽命74.9歲
新生兒體重過輕4.0%
兒童體重過輕4.8%
圍產期死亡率1.9%
新生兒死亡率 11%
嬰兒死亡率 1.4%
五歲以下兒童死亡率2.01%
孕產婦死亡率0.23%
來源：世衛組織
教育
成人的識字率是大約89%，（2006年），（94％的男性和83％為女性）。99.9％的青年識字。（教科文組織2006年的數字，見教科文組織，《利比亞國家報告》）
小學總入學率男孩女孩都是97％。（見聯合國教科文組織表）http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=4340&BR_Region=40525）
在利比亞的小學教師中見習教師比率大約17%（1983年聯合國教科文組織的數據），74％的兒童小學畢業后就讀中學（1983年聯合國教科文組織的數據）。
根據更多的近期數據，中學毛入學率（GER）在2002年大約為108％。毛入學率指某學年度某級教育在校生數占相應學齡人口總數比例，不考慮學生的年齡大小。
高等教育入學率（中學后，學院和大學），毛入學率（GER）在2002年為54％（男性52%，女性57%）(詳情請見網站http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=4340&BR_Region=40525)
就婦女權利方面，世界銀行的數據顯示出顯著的成就。“在一個相對短的時間內，利比亞實現普及小學教育，中學98％的毛入學率，46％為大專教育，在過去的十年中，在各級教育中女童的入學率上升12％。在中等教育和高等教育中，女生人數超過男孩10％。”（世界銀行利比亞國家簡介）
基本主食的價格控制
由于聽信世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織的“自由市場”建議，大多數發展中國家取消了市場管制、價格控制和補貼，結果，基本食品價格飛漲。
近年來，主要商品交易所的投機貿易導致基本食品和燃料價格狂飆。世界上少數發展中國家還保持基本主食的價格控制體制，利比亞是其中之一。
世界銀行行長佐利克在2011年4月的一份聲明中承認，基本主食的價格在過去一年中增加了36％。（參見佐利克，《世界銀行》）
阿拉伯利比亞民眾國建立了一個基本主食的價格管制制度，這維持到北約為首的戰爭開始。雖然在鄰國突尼斯和埃及的食品價格上漲刺激了社會動蕩和持不同政見者，但在利比亞的糧食補貼制度仍維持著。這些都是由幾個聯合國專門代理所證實的。
實際上，國際貨幣基金組織和北約與華盛頓智囊團在聯系，協同工作。
戰爭和全球化是密切相關的。
導彈外交：戰爭作為一種推行“自由市場”的手段
那些不愿意接受國際貨幣基金組織的“經濟醫藥”的糖衣炮彈的國家最終將成為一個R2P北約的人道主義行動的對象。
似曾相識？在大英帝國，“槍船外交”是實施“自由貿易”的手段。 1850年10月5日，英國特使前往暹羅國（泰國的舊稱），詹姆斯•布魯克爵士向女皇陛下的政府提醒：“如果這些強加的自由貿易要求被拒絕，通過迅速破壞他們的湄南河的防御來實施武力，......暹羅可能領教了其長期以來的誘惑——其政府可能被改造，國王寶座更穩固，與英格蘭在商業上的巨大重要性提升其國內的影響。”（The Mission of Sir James Brooke, quoted in M.L. Manich Jumsai, King Mongkut and Sir John Bowring, Chalermit, Bangkok, 1970, p. 23）
今天我們把它稱為“政權更替”，和“導彈外交”，這勢必觸及聯合國主辦的“禁飛區”。
世界銀行資助的“重建”戰爭蹂躪的國家方案，與北約的軍事規劃相協調。他們都不約而同地制定之前的軍事行動的沖擊......
利比亞的海外金融資產的凍結估計大約有150億美元，其中超過100億美元在北約國家。
在戰爭之前，利比亞沒有債務。相反，R2P軍事干預的目的是把阿拉伯利比亞民眾國變為一個在華盛頓的布雷頓森林機構監視下的負債累累的發展中國家。
在盜竊了利比亞的石油財富并沒收其海外金融資產后，“捐助界”承諾將把（偷來的）錢借給利比亞的戰后“重建”的融資。簡直是一個辛辣的諷刺。
國際貨幣基金組織承諾提供一個進一步的350億美元的資金貸款給給“阿拉伯之春”的國家，并且正式承認利比亞的委員會作為一個合法的權力，為大量的國際放貸方開放可入權限，因為國家（利比亞）經過6個月的戰爭要重建...
獲得國際貨幣基金組織的認可，對利比亞的過渡政府領導人是至關重要的，因為它意味著國際開發銀行和世界銀行等的捐助者現在可以提供融資。
世界各國領導人在巴黎商定，通過解凍數十億美元的凍結資產（贓款）通過貸款來幫助利比亞的臨時統治者恢復重要的服務和在結束42年專政的沖突過后的重建。
由七個主要經濟體加上俄羅斯集團的融資協議的目的是，在北非和中東地區的起義后，支持改革的努力（國際貨幣基金組織贊助的結構調整）。
此次融資主要是以貸款的形式，而不是直接贈款，并一半由八國集團提供和另一半由其他阿拉伯國家和不同的貸款機構和開發銀行提供。（金融郵報，2011年9月10日。）
作者簡介：
邁克爾•喬蘇多夫斯基(Michel Chossudovsky ，1946-）是加拿大渥太華大學經濟學教授（名譽）和全球化研究中心（CRG）主任。是一個備受贊譽的作家。主要著作有《貧窮的全球化和世界新秩序》（2003）、《美國的“反恐戰爭”》（2005）和《邁向世界戰爭有三個方案，核戰爭的危險》（2011）。曾在《中國和美國：西藏人權心理戰》一文中直言不諱地道出了美國支持海外西藏流亡份子的真實目的：“華盛頓意在利用人權進攻中國。”(2008)他的著作已用20多種語言出版。
附英文原文：
by Prof. Michel Chossudovsky
來源：Globalresearch.ca
"There is no tomorrow" under a NATO sponsored Al Qaeda rebellion.
While a "pro-democracy" rebel government has been instated, the country has been destroyed.
Against the backdrop of war propaganda, Libya's economic and social achievements over the last thirty years, have been brutally reversed:
The [Libyan Arab Jamahiriya] has had a high standard of living and a robust per capita daily caloric intake of 3144. The country has made strides in public health and, since 1980, child mortality rates have dropped from 70 per thousand live births to 19 in 2009. Life expectancy has risen from 61 to 74 years of age during the same span of years. (FAO, Rome, Libya, Country Profile,)
According to sectors of the "Progressive Left" which have endorsed NATO's R2P mandate: "The mood across Libya, particularly in Tripoli, is absolutely —like there’s just a feeling of euphoria everywhere. People are incredibly excited about starting afresh. There’s a real sense of rebirth, a feeling that their lives are starting anew. (DemocracyNow.org, September 14, 2011 emphasis added)
The rebels are casually presented as "liberators". The central role of Al Qaeda affilated terrorists within rebel ranks is not mentioned.
"Starting afresh" in the wake of destruction? Fear and Social Despair, Countless Deaths and Atrocities, amply documented by the independent media.
No euphoria.... A historical reversal in the country's economic and social development has occurred. The achievements have been erased.
The NATO invasion and occupation marks the ruinous "rebirth" of Libya's standard of living That is the forbidden and unspoken truth: an entire Nation has been destabilized and destroyed, its people driven into abysmal poverty.
The objective of the NATO bombings from the outset was to destroy the country's standard of living, its health infrastructure, its schools and hospitals, its water distribution system.
And then "rebuild" with the help of donors and creditors under the helm of the IMF and the World Bank.
The diktats of the "free market" are a precondition for the instatement of a Western style "democratic dictatorship ".
About nine thousand strike sorties, tens of thousands of strikes on civilian targets including residential areas, government buildings, water supply and electricity generation facilities. (See NATO Communique, September 5, 2011. 8140 strike sorties from March 31 to September 5, 2011)
An entire nation has been bombed with the most advanced ordnance, including uranium coated ammunition.
Already in August, UNICEF warned that extensive NATO bombing of Libya's water infrastructure "could turn into an unprecedented health epidemic “ (Christian Balslev-Olesen of UNICEF's Libya Office, August 2011).
Meanwhile investors and donors have positioned themselves. "War is Good for Business'. NATO, the Pentagon and the Washington based international financial institutions (IFIs) operate in close coordination. What has been destroyed by NATO will be rebuilt, financed by Libya's external creditors under the helm of the "Washington Consensus":
"Specifically, the [World] Bank has been asked to examine the need for repair and restoration of services in the water, energy and transport sectors [bombed by NATO] and, in cooperation with the International Monetary Fund, to support budget preparation [austerity measures] and help the banking sector back on to its feet [The Libyan Central bank was one of the first government buildings to be bombed]. Employment generation for young Libyans has been added as an urgent need facing the country." (World Bank to Help Libya Rebuild and Deliver Essential Services to Citizens emphasis added)
Libya's Development Achievements
Whatever one's views regarding Moamar Gadaffi, the post-colonial Libyan government played a key role in eliminating poverty and developing the country's health and educational infrastructure. According to Italian Journalist Yvonne de Vito, "Differently from other countries that went through a revolution – Libya is considered to be the Switzerland of the African continent and is very rich and schools are free for the people. Hospitals are free for the people. And the conditions for women are much better than in other Arab countries." (Russia Today, August 25, 2011)
These developments are in sharp contrast to what most Third World countries were able to "achieve" under Western style "democracy" and "governance" in the context of a standard IMF-World Bank Structural Adjustment program (SAP).
Public Health Care
Public Health Care in Libya prior to NATO's "Humanitarian Intervention" was the best in Africa. "Health care is [was] available to all citizens free of charge by the public sector. The country boasts the highest literacy and educational enrolment rates in North Africa. The Government is [was] substantially increasing the development budget for health services.... (WHO Libya Country Brief )
Confirmed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), undernourishment was less than 5 %, with a daily per capita calorie intake of 3144 calories. (FAO caloric intake figures indicate availability rather than consumption).
The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya provided to its citizens what is denied to many Americans: Free public health care, free education, as confirmed by WHO and UNESCO data.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO): Life expectancy at birth was 72.3 years (2009), among the highest in the developing World.
Under 5 mortality rate per 1000 live births declined from 71 in 1991 to 14 in 2009
(http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_lby_en.pdf)
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya General information
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (2009)
Total life expectancy at birth (years) 72.3
Male life expectancy at birth (years) 70.2
Female life expectancy at birth (years) 74.9
Newborns with low birth weight (%) 4.0
Children underweight (%) 4.8
Perinatal mortality rate per 1000 total births 19
Neonatal mortality rate 11.0
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 14.0
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 20.1
Maternal mortality ratio (per 10000 live births) 23
Source WHO http://www.emro.who.int/emrinfo/index.aspx?Ctry=liy
Education
The adult literacy rate was of the order of 89%, (2009), (94% for males and 83% for females). 99.9% of youth are literate (UNESCO 2009 figures, See UNESCO, Libya Country Report)
Gross primary school enrolment ratio was 97% for boys and 97% for girls (2009) .
(see UNESCO tables at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=4340&BR_Region=40525
The pupil teacher ratio in Libya's primary schools was of the order of 17 (1983 UNESCO data), 74% of school children graduating from primary school were enrolled in secondary school (1983 UNESCO data).
Based on more recent date, which confirms a marked increase in school enrolment, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in secondary schools was of the order of 108% in 2002. The GER is the number of pupils enrolled in a given level of education regardless of age expressed as a percentage of the population in the theoretical age group for that level of education.
For tertiary enrolment (postsecondary, college and university), the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) was of the order of 54% in 2002 (52 for males, 57 for females).
(For further details see http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=4340&BR_Region=40525
Women's Rights
With regard to Women's Rights, World Bank data point to significant achievements.
"In a relative short period of time, Libya achieved universal access for primary education, with 98% gross enrollment for secondary, and 46% for tertiary education. In the past decade, girls’ enrollment increased by 12% in all levels of education. In secondary and tertiary education, girls outnumbered boys by 10%." (World Bank Libya Country Brief, emphasis added)
Price Controls over Essential Food Staples
In most developing countries, essential food prices have skyrocketed, as a result of market deregulation, the lifting of price controls and the eliminaiton of subsidies, under "free market" advice from the World Bank and the IMF.
In recent years, essential food and fuel prices have spiralled as a result of speculative trade on the major commodity exchanges.
Libya was one of the few countries in the developing World which maintained a system of price controls over essential food staples.
World Bank President Robert Zoellick acknowledged in an April 2011 statement that the price of essential food staples had increased by 36 percent in the course of the last year. See Robert Zoellick, World Bank
The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya had established a system of price controls over essential food staples, which was maintained until the onset of the NATO led war.
While rising food prices in neighbouring Tunisia and Egypt spearheaded social unrest and political dissent, the system of food subsidies in Libya was maintained.
These are the facts confirmed by several UN specialised agencies.
"Missile Diplomacy" and "The Free Market"
War and Globalization are intiricately related. The IMF and NATO work in tandem, in liason with the Washington think tanks.
The NATO operation purports to enforce the neoliberal economic agenda. Countries which are reluctant to accept the sugar coated bullets of IMF "economic medicine" will eventually be the object of a R2P NATO humanitarian operation.
Déjà Vu? Under the British Empire, "gun boat diplomacy" was a means to imposing "free trade". On October 5, 1850, England's Envoy to the Kingdom of Siam, Sir James Brooke recommended to Her Majesty's government that:
"should these just demands [to impose free trade] be refused, a force should be present, immediately to enforce them by the rapid destruction of the defenses of the [Chaopaya] river... Siam may be taught the lesson which it has long been tempting-- its Government may be remodelled, A better disposed king placed on the throne and an influence acquired in the country which will make it of immense commercial importance to England" (The Mission of Sir James Brooke, quoted in M.L. Manich Jumsai, King Mongkut and Sir John Bowring, Chalermit, Bangkok, 1970, p. 23)
Today we call it "Regime Change" and "Missile Diplomacy" which invariably takes the shape of a UN sponsored "No Fly Zone". Its objective is to impose the IMF's deadly "economic medicine" of austerity measures and privatization.
The World Bank financed "reconstruction" programs of war torn countries are coordinated with US-NATO military planning. They are invariably formulated prior to onslaught of the military campaign...
Confiscating Libyan Financial Assets
Libya`s frozen overseas financial assets are estimated to be of the order of $150 billion, with NATO countries holding more than $100 billion.
Prior to the war, Libya had no debts. In fact quite the opposite. It was a creditor nation investing in neighboring African countries.
The R2P military intervention is intended to spearhead the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya into the straightjacket of an indebted developing country, under the surveillance of the Washington based Bretton Woods institutions.
In a bitter irony, after having stolen Libya's oil wealth and confiscated its overseas financial assets, the "donor community" has pledged to lend the (stolen) money back to finance Libya's post-war "reconstruction". Libya is slated to join the ranks of indebted African countries which have driven into poverty by IMF and the World Bank since the onsalught of the debt crisis in the early 1980s:
The IMF promised a further $35-billion in funding [loans] to countries affected by Arab Spring uprisings and formally recognized Libya’s ruling interim council as a legitimate power, opening up access to a myriad of international lenders as the country [Libya] looks to rebuild after a six-month war. ...
Getting IMF recognition is significant for Libya’s interim leaders as it means international development banks and donors such as the World Bank can now offer financing.
The Marseille talks came a few days after world leaders agreed in Paris to free up billions of dollars in frozen assets [stolen money] to help [through loans] Libya’s interim rulers restore vital services and rebuild after a conflict that ended a 42-year dictatorship.
The financing deal by the Group of Seven major economies plus Russia is aimed at supporting reform efforts [IMF sponsored structural adjustment] in the wake of uprisings in North Africa and the Middle East.
The financing is mostly in the form of loans, rather than outright grants, and is provided half by G8 and Arab countries and half by various lenders and development banks. (Financial Post, September 10, 2011,
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