貼一些文獻摘要，翻譯，但不解釋。如果有人對你說吃下轉基因食品后，轉基因成分會很快被消化（蛋白被水解為氨基酸，基因成分被水解為堿基）吸收，就請他/她來解釋。（不定期更新）

（2011-08-11）：

1. J Anim Sci. 2003 Oct;81(10):2546-51.

Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments and Cry1Ab protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified corn Bt11.

檢測飼喂轉基因玉米Bt11的豬的胃腸道內容物中玉米固有和重組DNA片段及Cry1Ab蛋白

Chowdhury EH, Kuribara H, Hino A, Sultana P, Mikami O, Shimada N, Guruge KS, Saito M, Nakajima Y.

Source

National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.

Abstract

Genetically modified corn has been approved as an animal feed in several countries, but information about the fate ofgenetically modified DNA and protein in vivo is insufficient. Genetically modified corn Bt11 is developed by inserting a recombinant DNA sequence encoding insecticidal Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. We examined the presence of corn intrinsic and recombinant cry1Ab gene by PCR, and the Cry1Ab protein by immunological tests in the gastrointestinal contents of five genetically modified corn Bt11-fed and five nongenetically modified corn-fed pigs. Fragments of corn zein (242 bp), invertase (226 bp) and of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase genes (1,028 bp) were detected in the gastrointestinal contents of both Bt11 and nongenetically modified corn-fed pigs.Fragments of recombinant cry1Ab gene (110 bp and 437 bp) were detected in the gastrointestinal contents of the Bt11-fed pigs but not in the control pigs. Neither corn intrinsic nor cry1Ab gene fragments were detected in the peripheral blood by PCR. The gastrointestinal contents were positive for Cry1Ab protein by ELISA, immunochromatography, and immunoblot; however, these methods did not work for blood and precluded conclusions about any potential absorption of the protein. These results suggest that ingested corn DNA and Cry1Ab protein were not totally degraded in the gastrointestinal tract, as shown by their presence in a form detectable by PCR or immunological tests.

轉基因玉米已在幾個國家被批準作為動物飼料，但有關轉基因DNA和蛋白質在體內的命運的信息是不夠的。轉基因玉米的轉基因Bt11是通過插入一段重組DNA序列，該序列編碼蘇云金芽孢桿菌亞種kurstaki的殺蟲Cry1Ab蛋白。我們通過PCR檢測在五頭轉基因玉米Bt11飼喂的和五頭非基因修改玉米飼喂的豬的胃腸內容物中，固有和重組玉米cry1Ab基因，并通過免疫學檢查Cry1Ab蛋白的存在。檢測玉米醇溶蛋白片段（242 bp），蔗糖酶（226 bp）的核酮糖-1,5 - 二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶基因（1028 bp）的片段，轉基因玉米Bt11和非轉基因玉米飼喂的豬的胃腸內容物中都有。重組cry1Ab基因（110 bp和437 bp）的片段，在轉基因玉米Bt11飼喂的豬的胃腸內容物中檢測到，未在對照組中檢測到。經PCR檢測，無論是玉米內在的或轉基因的cry1Ab基因片段，均未在外周血中檢測到。ELISA，免疫層析法和免疫印跡法檢測，胃腸內容物中Cry1Ab蛋白呈陽性。然而，這些方法對血液無效，排除了任何潛在的蛋白質吸收結論。這些結果表明，攝入的玉米DNA和Cry1Ab蛋白未在胃腸道內完全降解，其存在可以通過PCR或免疫學試驗顯示。

PMID: 14552382

2. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Dec 28;53(26):10268-75.

Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA fragments in the blood, tissues, and digesta of broilers.

檢測肉雞的血液、組織及食糜中轉基因和內源性植物DNA片段

Deaville ER, Maddison BC.

Source

Animal Sciences Research Group, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom. [email protected]

Abstract

The aim was to determine the fate of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA fragments in the blood, tissues, and digesta of broilers. Male broiler chicks (n = 24) were allocated at 1 day old to each of four treatment diets designated T1-T4. T1 and T2 contained the near isogenic nongenetically modified (GM) maize grain, whereas T3 and T4 contained GM maize grain [cry1a(b) gene]; T1 and T3 also contained the near isogenic non-GM soybean meal, whereas T2 and T4 contained GM soybean meal (cp4epsps gene). Four days prior to slaughter at 39-42 days old, 50% of the broilers on T2-T4 had the source(s) of GM ingredients replaced by their non-GM counterparts. Detection of specific DNA sequences in feed, tissue, and digesta samples was completed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Seven primer pairs were used to amplifyfragments ( approximately 200 bp) from single copy genes (maize high mobility protein, soya lectin, and transgenes in the GM feeds) and multicopy genes (poultry mitochondrial cytochrome b, maize, and soya rubisco). There was no effect of treatment on the measured growth performance parameters. Except for a single detection of lectin (nontransgenic single copy gene; unsubstantiated) in the extracted DNA from one bursa tissue sample, there was no positive detection of any endogenous or transgenic single copy genes in either blood or tissue DNA samples. However, the multicopy rubisco gene was detected in a proportion of samples from all tissue types (23% of total across all tissues studied) and in low numbers in blood. Feed-derived DNA was found to survive complete degradation up to the large intestine. Transgenic DNA was detected in gizzard digesta but not in intestinal digesta 96 h after the last feeding of treatment diets containing a source of GM maize and/or soybean meal.

目的是為確定轉基因和植物內源DNA片段在肉雞血液、組織和食糜中的命運。雄性肉雞（N = 24）在1日齡被分配成四個飲食處理組，指定為T1 - T4。 T1和T2（飼喂）含有近等基因的非基因改造（GM）的玉米籽粒，而T3和T4含有轉基因玉米的籽粒[cry1a（b）基因]； T1和T3還含有近等基因的非轉基因豆粕，而T2和T4含有轉基因豆粕（cp4 epsps基因）。臨在39-42天出欄的前四天，T2?T4組中50％的肉雞以非轉基因相應飼料取代基因改造成分的來源。通過PCR分析完成飼料、組織和食糜樣本中特定DNA序列的檢測。單拷貝基因（玉米高遷移率蛋白，大豆凝集素，和轉基因飼料中的外源基因）和多拷貝基因（家禽線粒體細胞色素b，玉米、大豆rubisco），7對引物用于擴增片段（約200 bp的）。在測量的生長性能參數上沒有任何處理影響。除了一例從一個法氏囊組織樣本中提取DNA的凝集素檢測（非轉基因單拷貝基因檢測；未經證實），并沒有任何血液或組織的DNA樣本中的內源性或轉基因的單拷貝基因的陽性檢出。然而，在所有的組織類型中的一部分樣品（所研究組織總數的23％），以及血液中的低樣本數中，檢測到多拷貝rubisco基因。飼料源性的DNA被發現，直至大腸完全降解。在最后一次喂食含有轉基因玉米和/或豆粕來源的飼料96小時后，在雞胗食糜中檢測到轉基因DNA，未在腸道食糜中檢測到。

PMID:16366726

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

3. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Mar 8;54(5):1699-709.

Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in digesta and tissues of sheep and pigs fed Roundup Ready canola meal.

以抗農達油菜料飼喂的羊和豬的食糜和組織中轉基因及內源植物DNA的檢測

Sharma R, Damgaard D, Alexander TW, Dugan ME, Aalhus JL, Stanford K, McAllister TA.

Source

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centres, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.

Abstract

The persistence of plant-derived recombinant DNA in sheep and pigs fed genetically modified (Roundup Ready) canola was assessed by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis of DNA extracted from digesta, gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissues, and visceral organs. Sheep (n = 11) and pigs (n = 36) were fed to slaughter on diets containing 6.5 or 15% Roundup Ready canola. Native plant DNA (high- and low-copy-number gene fragments) and the cp4 epsps transgene that encodes 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase were tracked in ruminal, abomasal, and large intestinal digesta and in tissue from the esophagus, rumen, abomasum, small and large intestine, liver, and kidney of sheep and in cecal content and tissue from the duodenum, cecum, liver, spleen, and kidney of pigs. High-copy chloroplast-specificDNA (a 520-bp fragment) was detected in all digesta samples, the majority (89-100%) of intestinal tissues, and at least one of each visceral organ sample (frequencies of 3-27%) from sheep and swine. Low-copy rubisco fragments (186- and 540-bp sequences from the small subunit) were present at slightly lower, variable frequencies in digesta (18-82%) and intestinal tissues (9-27% of ovine and 17-25% of porcine samples) and infrequently in visceral organs (1 of 88 ovine samples; 3 of 216 porcine samples). Each of the five cp4 epsps transgene fragments (179-527 bp) surveyed was present in at least 27% of ovine large intestinal content samples (maximum = 64%) and at least 33% of porcine cecal content samples (maximum = 75%). In sheep, transgene fragments were more common in intestinal digesta than in ruminal or abomasal content. Transgene fragments were detected in 0 (esophagus) to 3 (large intestine) GI tract tissues from the 11 sheep and in 0-10 of the duodenal and cecal tissues collected from 36 pigs. The feed-ingested recombinant DNA was not detected in visceral tissues (liver, kidney) of lambs or in the spleen from pigs. Of note, however, one liver and one kidney sample from the pigs (different animals) were positive for a 278-bp fragment of the transgenic cp4 epsps (denoted F3). Examination of genomic libraries from these tissues yielded no conclusive information regarding integration of the fragment into porcineDNA. This study confirms that feed-ingested DNA fragments (endogenous and transgenic) do survive to the terminal GI tract and that uptake into gut epithelial tissues does occur. A very low frequency of transmittance to visceral tissue was confirmed in pigs, but not in sheep. It is recognized that the low copy number of transgenes in GM feeds is a challenge to their detection in tissues, but there was no evidence to suggest that recombinant DNA would be processed in the gut in any manner different from endogenous feed-ingested genetic material.

給羊和豬喂食基因改造的（抗農達）油菜籽，在食糜、胃腸道（GI）組織和內臟器官中提取的DNA，經PCR和Southern雜交分析評估植物來源重組DNA。羊（N = 11）和豬（N = 36），飼喂含有6.5或15％抗草甘磷油菜籽的飲食至出欄。檢測來自羊的瘤胃、鄒胃和大腸的食糜，和食管、瘤胃、皺胃、大小腸、肝、腎組織，以及來自豬的盲腸成分，及十二指腸、盲腸、肝、脾、腎組織中，天然植物的DNA（高和低拷貝數的基因片段）和cp4 epsps轉基因，它編碼5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶。在羊和豬的食糜樣品中，腸組織的大部分（89-100％），并至少每個內臟器官樣本（3-27％的頻率）中檢測到高拷貝葉綠體特異的DNA（520 - bp的片段）。在食糜（18-82％）和腸組織（綿羊的9-27％和豬的17-25％）樣本中，以及偶爾（1/88綿羊樣本，3/216豬樣本）的內臟器官中以略低且可變頻率出現低拷貝的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶-加氧酶（rubisco）的片段（186 - 540 - bp的小亞基序列）。測量每五個cp4 epsps轉基因片段（179-527 bp），其中一個可以在至少有27％的綿羊大腸成分的樣品（最大= 64％），和至少有33％（最大值= 75％）豬盲腸成分樣品中檢測到。對于羊，轉基因的片段在腸道食糜中比在瘤胃或皺胃成分中更普遍。11只羊的0（食道）至3（大腸）消化道組織，及來自36只豬，0-10的十二指腸和盲腸組織中，檢測到轉基因片段。未在羊內臟（肝、腎）組織，或從豬脾中檢測到飼料攝入的重組DNA。然而，值得注意的是，一個來自豬的肝臟和一個腎臟樣品（不同的動物）的轉基因cp4 epsps的278 bp的片段呈陽性反應（記為F3）。對這些組織的基因組文庫檢測，未取得有關片段整合到豬DNA的確鑿結論。本研究證實，飼料攝入的DNA片段（內源性和轉基因），確實會在消化道終端存在，并被腸上皮組織吸收。確認了豬，但不是羊，會發生非常低頻率的（基因片段）內臟組織轉移。公認在組織中檢測基因改造飼料中的低拷貝數的轉基因的是一項挑戰，但是，沒有任何證據表明，重組DNA在腸道內與內源性飼料攝入的遺傳物質的處理方式不同。

PMID: 16506822

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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