李克勤（jixuie）題記：京劇表演藝術家童祥苓同志2024年12月2日因病在上海逝世。恐怕很多人注意到，這兩天悼念童祥苓的文章，可以說在微信里成了熱點。我想這主要因為他是樣板戲《智取威虎山》里英雄楊子榮的扮演者的緣故，他演的楊子榮可以說在中國曾經是家喻戶曉，人人皆知，他的很多唱段至今依然是人們耳熟能詳的。從藝術上講，他達到了京劇藝術如火純青的境界。從思想性講，那就不得不說近些年人民對他的深層次地了解，他不僅是一位塑造英雄形象的藝術家，而且是一位堅定的革命文藝戰士——在關鍵時刻敢于站出來捍衛毛主席，英勇斗欒平。
央視網12月3日再次上傳了京劇《智取威虎山》，這是第第四場《定計》里，楊子榮審問欒平，迫使其交代“聯絡圖”
在京劇《智取威虎山》重新排演過程中，有人把劇中“毛主席”三字從唱詞中刪掉了。童祥苓同志看到后在微博上公開表示“心里感到很難受！”
這個表達意味著什么？
有人惡意攻擊童祥苓同志說“文革中你們姐弟還沒有被整夠？”老藝術家立即反駁說：“是毛主席整我們姐弟嗎？誰整我們難道我們心里沒數嗎？毛主席是尊重愛護廣大文藝工作者的！”
真可謂義正詞嚴真英雄！
這和他斥責反動派欒平，是不是一樣的旗幟鮮明，理直氣壯？
狐貍再狡猾，也斗不過好獵手哇——這是楊子榮的領導少劍波的一個說法。
毛主席逝世后，有不少人干了極其令人不齒的勾當，他們本質上跟欒平屬于一丘之貉。但是，這些狡猾的狐貍，還是逃不過捍衛毛主席的好獵手，童祥苓同志就是這樣的好獵手。
我由衷地喜歡《智取威虎山》里楊子榮打虎上山的那場戲，現在我知道了那音畫時尚一樣優美的旋律，如此令人著迷的景象是于會泳設計的，而童祥苓深悟其道，他的唱段那真是登峰造極的。
早在2004年，我就把這一段拿到課堂上結合管理課程，與同學們一起分享、討論過的。
我多次和學生朋友談樣板戲的創作，那是一種新的團隊協作典范，是我們經營現代企業值得借鑒，值得學習的一套想法說法做法，經過像吳仁寶、王宏斌，以及任正非、胡偉武的實踐證明，那是想得通說得通行得通的。
01
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八個樣板戲的歷史地位：根基更加牢靠
《中國戲劇史》有這樣的記載：“八個“樣板戲”的內容都有強烈的傳奇色彩，《智取威虎山》就是其中最具代表性的一部。它是“樣板戲”中最早出現并且定型的作品，改編自小說《林海雪原》，以東北地區的剿匪戰爭為題材，故事發生的主要場景是一支黑幫在深山老林里的據點，主人公楊子榮冒充土匪打入匪巢臥底，戰爭和間諜、驚險加懸疑，構成這出作品強烈的戲劇性，因此各地陸續出現多個自行改編的舞臺劇版本。最后，上海京劇團改編的《智取威虎山》贏得了最高的評價，并且被當成范本，一經推廣，全國各地的劇團均按此方式演出。”
八個樣板戲是毛主席革命路線指引下，廣大的革命文藝戰士集體創作的。這個“集體創作”是當時劇本上寫的。后來根據歷史資料，我們發現有一個人在其中起到了非凡作用，這個人就是江青。江青在京劇藝術上是行家，對于現代芭蕾舞藝術她也是有非凡造詣的，至于電影藝術那就更不用說專業水平了。
八個樣板戲原本是舞臺上演出的戲劇，包括京劇、芭蕾舞劇和“交響套曲”，從1970年開始八個樣板戲陸續拍成電影，這樣舞臺藝術與電影藝術的結合，形成新的樣板戲電影藝術。事實證明，樣板戲電影藝術，促進了戲劇舞臺藝術的提升，同時也促進了電影藝術本身的創新發展。這一舉措完全可以說這是在樣板戲舞臺劇創作之后，面向工農兵的大眾文藝的新飛躍。我們是不是應該對所有參加制作的藝術工作者抱有一種敬感佩呢？同時對于從事組織工作的領導者也應該給予起碼的尊重或者敬意呢？
八個樣板戲作為一個整體，那是可以在全人類的文藝事業里來評價的。一般評價藝術作品，從兩個方面著手，一個是思想性，一個是藝術性。缺乏思想的藝術作品，恐怕只能算作娛樂品；一部作品缺乏藝術性，思想再深刻也談不上藝術作品，那只能是理論著作或者理論說教。八個樣板戲無疑從思想到藝術，都創造了古今中外獨一無二的奇跡，對這一奇跡的研究當然是需要從不同角度來加以解讀的。這里把這一奇跡定位成文化奇跡，也就是這一奇跡是一種文化氛圍帶來的奇跡，同時在這一奇跡創造過程中，這一文化又得到了豐富和發展。當然這一奇跡的創造主要指作品的創作——怎樣由道而器，從思想的詮釋、傳播，轉換到藝術的表現與創作，進而使得藝術作品讓觀眾想得通說得通，達成作品行得通的道器變通，這恐怕本身是一個浩大的工程，此工程的組織管理，既是科學的，更是藝術的。馬克思將《資本論》當做“一個藝術的整體”，那么八個樣板戲無疑也是可以當做一個藝術的整體來看待的，只不過《資本論》是主要馬克思一個人的作品，而八個樣板戲則是集體創作的，因此要解釋這個集體的創作，不能脫離這個集體共同遵循的道器變通之根之基，以及集體道器變通之變是如何想得通說得通行得通的，這些只能用文化來概括，即唯有在毛澤東文化這一氛圍里，才能解釋八個樣板戲思想與藝術奇跡的產生過程。
我們都是歷史唯物主義者，社會存在決定社會意識。社會存在，指的是就是歷史真實的存在。
不尊重歷史真實的存在，就必然走向搞歷史虛無主義那一套。
針對歷史，會有兩種態度，一種就是搞歷史虛無主義那一套的唯心史觀，那是搞社會意識決定社會存在，終究是逃脫不了好獵手——廣大人民群眾雪亮的眼睛的。
我們要堅持的是另一種不同于唯心史觀的唯物史觀。
這是極其深刻的，其中只有悟道，方能想得通說得通行得通——道器變通。
童祥苓同志達到了那樣的境界的，所以，他敢于堅持真理，實事求是對待歷史，所以他心安理得。
樣板戲研究專題：
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02
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童祥苓不愧為毛主席培養的革命文藝戰士
童祥苓捍衛毛主席所表現出來的精神，使人想起1980年的黃克誠大將。
黃克誠大將、童祥苓同志，他們捍衛毛主席的精神，是一樣的，因為他們深深懂得毛主席對于中國，對于自己意味著什么？
面對污蔑毛主席的人和事不做堅決斗爭，那意味著什么？
如果聽任淡化毛主席的思潮泛濫，那會導致什么結果？
蘇聯解體的血的教訓就擺在我們面前。
說到這個程度，再來看悼念童祥苓同志的人中間，絕大多數都是熱愛毛主席的普通人，這中間寫文章以及在文章后面留言，表示堅定捍衛毛主席的人有多少呢？
這就是說，毛主席思想的力量依然存在，毛澤東文化的威力永遠不會消失。
毛主席在《論聯合政府》里的名言：
【這個軍隊之所以有力量，是因為所有參加這個軍隊的人，都具有自覺的紀律；他們不是為著少數人的或狹隘集團的私利，而是為著廣大人民群眾的利益，為著全民族的利益，而結合，而戰斗的。緊緊地和中國人民站在一起，全心全意地為中國人民服務，就是這個軍隊的唯一的宗旨。
在這個宗旨下面，這個軍隊具有一往無前的精神，它要壓倒一切敵人，而決不被敵人所屈服。不論在任何艱難困苦的場合，只要還有一個人，這個人就要繼續戰斗下去。
這就是真正的人民戰爭。只有這種人民戰爭，才能戰勝民族敵人。國民黨之所以失敗，就是因為它拚命地反對人民戰爭。
中國解放區的軍隊一旦得到新式武器的裝備，它就會更加強大，就能夠最后地打敗日本侵略者了。
This army is powerful because all its members have a discipline based on political consciousness; they have come together and they fight not for the private interests of a few individuals or a narrow clique, but for the interests of the broad masses and of the whole nation. The sole purpose of this army is to stand firmly with the Chinese people and to serve them whole-heartedly.
Guided by this purpose, this army has an indomitable spirit and is determined to vanquish all enemies and never to yield. No matter what the difficulties and hardships, so long as a single man remains, he will fight on.
Guided by this purpose, this army has achieved remarkable unity in its own ranks and with those outside its ranks. Internally, there is unity between officers and men, between the higher and lower ranks, and between military work, political work and rear service work, and externally, there is unity between the army and the people, between the army and government organizations, and between our army and the friendly armies. It is imperative to overcome anything that impairs this unity.
Guided by this purpose, this army has a correct policy for winning over enemy officers and men and for dealing with prisoners of war. Without exception all members of the enemy forces who surrender, who come over to our side or who, after laying down their arms, wish to join in fighting the common foe, are welcomed and given proper education. It is forbidden to kill, maltreat or insult any prisoner of war.
Guided by this purpose, this army has built up a system of strategy and tactics which is essential for the people's war. It is skilled in flexible guerrilla warfare conducted in accordance with the changing concrete conditions and is also skilled in mobile warfare.
Guided by this purpose, this army has built up a system of political work which is essential for the people's war and is aimed at promoting unity in its own ranks, unity with the friendly armies and unity with the people, and at disintegrating the enemy forces and ensuring victory in battle.
Guided by this purpose, the entire army, operating under conditions of guerrilla warfare, is able to utilize, and has in fact utilized, the intervals between battles and between training periods to produce grain and other necessities, thus becoming wholly, half or at least partly self-supporting, so that economic difficulties are overcome, living conditions improved and the burden on the people lightened. Every possibility has been exploited to establish a number of small-scale armament works in various military base areas.
Furthermore, this army is powerful because it has the people's self-defence corps and the militia--the vast armed organizations of the masses--fighting in co-ordination with it. In the Liberated Areas of China all men and women, from youth to middle age, are organized in the people's anti-Japanese self-defence corps on a voluntary and democratic basis and without giving up their work in production. The cream of the self-defence corps, except for those who join the army or the guerrilla units, is brought into the militia. Without the cooperation of these armed forces of the masses it would be impossible to defeat the enemy.
Finally, this army is powerful because of its division into two parts, the main forces and the regional forces, with the former available for operations in any region whenever necessary and the latter concentrating on defending their own localities and attacking the enemy there in co-operation with the local militia and the self-defence corps. This division of labour has won the whole-hearted support of the people. Without this correct division of labour--if, for example, attention were paid only to the role of the main forces while that of the regional forces were neglected--it would likewise be impossible to defeat the enemy in the conditions obtaining in China's Liberated Areas. Under the regional forces, numerous armed working teams have been organized, which are well trained and hence better qualified for military, political and mass work; they penetrate into the rearmost areas behind the enemy lines, strike at the enemy and arouse the masses to anti-Japanese struggle, thus giving support to the frontal military operations of the various Liberated Areas. In all this they have achieved great success.
Under the leadership of their democratic governments, all the anti-Japanese people in the Liberated Areas of China are called upon to join organizations of workers, peasants, youth and women, and cultural, professional and other organizations, which will wholeheartedly perform various tasks in support of the armed forces. Those tasks are not limited to rallying the people to join the army, transporting grain for it, caring for soldiers' families and helping the troops in meeting their material needs. They also include mobilizing the guerrilla units, militia and self-defence corps to make widespread raids and lay land mines against the enemy, gather intelligence about him, comb out traitors and spies, transport and protect the wounded and take direct part in the army's operations. At the same time, the people in all the Liberated Areas are enthusiastically taking up various kinds of political, economic, cultural and health work. The most important thing in this connection is to mobilize everybody for the production of grain and other necessities and to ensure that all government institutions and schools, except in special cases, devote their free time to production for their own support in order to supplement the self-suffidency production campaigns of the army and the people and thus help to create a great upsurge of production to sustain the protracted War of Resistance. In China's Liberated Areas, the enemy has wrought great havoc, and floods, droughts and damage by insect pests have been frequent. However, the democratic governments there have been leading the people in overcoming these difficulties in an organized way, and unprecedented results have been achieved by the great mass campaigns for pest extermination, flood control and disaster relief, thus making it possible to persevere in the protracted War of Resistance. In a word, everything for the front, everything for the defeat of the Japanese aggressors and for the liberation of the Chinese people--this is the general slogan, the general policy for the whole army and the whole people in the Liberated Areas of China.
Such is a real people's war. Only by waging such a people's war can we defeat the national enemy. The Kuomintang has failed precisely because of its desperate opposition to a people's war.
Once it is equipped with modern weapons, the army of China's Liberated Areas will become still more powerful and will be able to accomplish the final defeat of the Japanese aggressors. 】
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