“國際婦女節，我們發出了21世紀的女權運動宣言”

按語：

相比100年前，21世紀的英國婦女在工作和生活方面起了明顯的變化，但是仍然深受資本市場所剝削，與真正的婦女解放越走越遠。透過分析各階層婦女所受的壓迫，再提出我們的遠景，就是真正的婦女解放運動，必需與階級斗爭相結合，才能改變世界。

作者介紹：

Lindsey German是英國反戰組織Stop the War Coalition的召集人和左翼運動活躍份子。她撰寫過兩本關于婦女解放的書《物質女孩：女性、男性和工作》（Material girls: Women, men and work,2007）和《性、階級和社會主義》（Sex, class and socialism,1998）。

Nina Power是英國哲學家、作家和學者。她是羅漢普頓大學哲學系高級講師。2009年她出版的《單維度的女性》（One Dimensional Woman）。兩人都持社會主義女性主義（socialist feminism）的觀點。

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2010年3月8日英國《衛報》（Guardian）

張光明　譯

梁佩雯 校對

    1975年為紀念國際婦女節，女性主義雜志《Spare Rib》曾發表了《4000女性向倫敦東區游行》的文章，照片為游行現場的女性。

    今天是國際婦女節100周年紀念日。100年前的今天，在哥本哈根召開的一場社會主義女性會議上，為了更好地爭取廣大勞動婦女的權益，與會代表一致同意將3月8日定為國際婦女節。100年后的今天，現在的婦女在生活各方面相比于其祖母、曾祖母一輩人已經有了天翻地覆的變化。但由于這些在工作和生活方面的變化已經完全被市場的需求所扭曲，它們已經與真正的婦女解放相去甚遠。

    在21世紀的英國，雖然有少部份女性的工作仍比較具挑戰性和舒適，但是對于大多數女性來說，她們的工作仍然集中在商店、辦公室、電召中心和工廠，而且經常面對長工時與具大的工作壓力，被利潤極大化的資本家壓榨出更多的生產力。職業女性數量的劇增（多于1200萬人）很大程度上是由于大量母親的加入，但是作為在職母親，她們在照顧家庭和孩子方面的角色長期以來一直都沒有根本的變化。

    這樣母親既要在外面全職地工作，還要承擔購買居家用品、喂養和照看孩子等責任，為此很多母親不得不經常長途奔走，甚至要輪班工作。五十年代的男性對女性的要求很單一，要么有個好相貌，或是有個好腦筋；但現在既要求女性相貌好、能力高，還要求烹飪水平能達到“誰來掌廚”（Come Dine With Me,）節目的程度，更要能夠全身心地教養好孩子。

    女性被要求照顧好男人生活的方方面面，如果在工作和生活上遇到錯敗，亦被歸咎為女性的個人因素所引致。能夠在方方面面做得好的都是些雇用別人（通常也是女性）為自己分擔部分或全部責任的少數有錢女性。有一支勞動婦女大軍為她們提供服務，如做飯、保潔、照看孩子、熨洗衣物、超市購物、餐館就餐和私人服務，目的就是讓她們的生活得更輕松。然而，這些基層勞動婦女卻經常無法好好照顧自己的家庭。

    這就是勞動婦女的現實生活。現在社會輿論經常談論“天花板效應”（限制女性的晉升），但少有關心那些整日為生計而奔波的底層女性。女性（及男性）之間的生活質素差異很大，只有少數人享受著工人階級創造的社會財富。

    另外，社會的性化問題也非常突出。性化雖然被中產階級所厭惡，但卻被廣告和媒體出于牟利本能而大肆宣揚，色情文學和艷舞正是他們賺大錢的工具。與此相適應的是，強奸、家庭暴力和性虐待事件持續攀升。在保護女性自主生活方面我們還有很長的路要走。

    今天藉此國際婦女節之際，我們呼吁要繼續爭取女性解放，這事業必須與爭取人類解放的運動、爭取勞動者能自主其勞動成果的解放運動相結合。也就是說女性和男性都要為了解放而斗爭。不通過斗爭，我們是不可能贏得勝利，因為有太多的利益集團在阻撓我們。我們已經看到越來越多的人開始參與反氣候變遷、反戰、反對不平等和爭取女性解放的運動中來。有見及此，我們特此發表一項 21 世紀的女權運動宣言，呼吁大家為實現真正的平等而奮斗！

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Recommit to women’s liberation

On International Women’s Day we launch a manifesto for 21st-century feminism

Lindsey German and Nina Power

Guardian

8 March 2010

Marking International Womens Day 1975, the feminist magazine Spare Rib reported: ’4,000 women marched through London’s East End.’ Photograph: Red Women’s Workshop

Today is the 100th anniversary of the birth of International Women’s Day. First agreed at a socialist women’s conference in Copenhagen in 1910, its aim was to campaign for the rights of working women. Today, the lives of women have changed beyond recognition compared with those of their grandmothers and great grandmothers. But the changes in work and personal life have been distorted by the needs of the market and have fallen far short of women’s liberation.

The experience of work has been challenging and invigorating for a few, but for most women in the shops, offices, call centres and factories of 21st-century Britain it has been more likely to represent long hours, constant pressure, and growing attempts to squeeze more productivity and profit out of them. The big increase in the numbers of women working (more than 12 million today) has come from working mothers. But there has been no similar change in how the family and childcare have been organised.

So while mothers work outside the home, often full-time, they are also often expected to shoulder the needs of shopping, feeding and caring for their children. This is on top of sometimes long journeys to work, and of the demands of shift work for many. Whereas the old sexist dichotomy of the 50s was that women could either have looks or brains, now we are expected to have both, plus cooking skills at least to the level of Come Dine With Me, and an all-seeing eye to ensure that children behave at all times.

Women are expected to juggle all aspects of their lives and are blamed as individuals for any failing in their work or family life. The only people who can begin to succeed in doing this are those who can afford to pay others (usually women) to carry out some or all of these tasks. So an army of working-class women cook, clean, care for children, do ironing and washing, work in supermarkets, wait in restaurants, perform personal services, all to ensure the easier life of those women who “have it all”. Often in the process they neglect their own families to do so.

The way in which women’s working lives are portrayed reflects this. There is much talk of glass ceilings, but little about those women who are falling into the basement, struggling to work and maintain families on poverty wages. The life experiences of women (and men) are radically different, with a small minority sharing in the profits made by working-class men and women.

Alongside work has come increased sexualisation of society – now greeted with horror by respectable middle-class opinion, but much encouraged by advertising, the media and the profit motive itself, where porn and lap dancing are now big business. The other side of this sexualisation is the continuing high levels of rape, domestic violence and sexual abuse. We are still a very long way from women controlling their own lives and sexuality.

This International Women’s Day we should recommit to a women’s liberation which is connected to a wider movement for human emancipation and for working people to control the wealth they produce. That’s why women and men have to fight for liberation. We won’t win without a fight, because there are many vested interests who want to stop us. But more and more people are beginning to connect campaigning over climate change, war and inequality with fighting for women’s liberation. That’s why we are launching a manifesto for 21st-century feminism to begin to organise for real equality.

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