昨天我被美國大使館邀請去參加一個特別的博客吹風會,主題是討論奧巴馬訪華和中美關系。使館各部門包括政治,經濟,軍事,領事,科技,能源,貿易和新聞文化處的資深官員參加此次座談,并在場回答參與者的問題。北京的參與者包括我在內共8位,上海、廣州領事館也使用視頻會議的方式參與座談。最為特別的是,使領館方面破天荒地開放電腦、手機和3G網卡帶入會場,讓博客作者全程直播新媒體吹風會,整個過程頗為精彩。美國人坦率地承認,這是為了表示他們對新媒體的重視。
我在座談會上提了三個問題。第一個問題我問最近中美貿易摩擦頻繁,奧巴馬訪華是否能改善中美貿易。使館方面回答雖然貿易問題在媒體上面報道的很多,但中美關系范圍廣泛,貿易只是其中的一部分,而且屬于正常的關系和爭議之一,雙方已經有很良好的討論,無需擔心。第二個問題我問道中國青年了解西方遠勝于西方青年了解中國,美國政府有什么措施來促進這種了解?使館方面說,美國當然會進一步提供美國青年來中國學習的機會,促進互相了解。
第三個問題,我用開玩笑的方式舉了PB和變形金剛的例子,提出我對使用這些社交網站時,個人隱私是否會受到潛在的威脅。美方官員很嚴肅地回答說:“不能僅從電視劇了解美國。”
附:視頻和文字記錄
(饒謹)問:我們剛才談到很多關于互聯網上自由和人權的問題,平時我也看過很多美國的電視和電影,比如越獄里面,CIA情報機構有很多特殊的權力,可以做到無所不能;比如變形金剛里面,美國的導彈可以隨便打到埃及金字塔。所以我也擔心,(因為)我現在是Gmail、facebook和twitter的用戶,這些服務世界上很多國家的人都在使用。而CIA可以通過一些特殊的方式,隨便進入這些服務器,獲取個人信息,那么使用者的個人隱私安全如何保證?
另外,據我所知,美國通過了一些法案,可以對一些email的個人信息進行監控。我想問,以反恐的名義進行的監控和過濾,是否會對所有使用者的人權和隱私造成侵犯?
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以下回答為同聲傳譯,原版回答請看視頻:
答1:這是一個非常好的問題,很有意思,我也不知道,誰有答案?ben.
答2:首先,我建議,不要用越獄或變形金剛作為唯一的參考資料來了解美國政府。還要記住,《24小時》是虛構的,真的。美國媒體、政界這兩年來,談的很多的問題,包括個人信息自由,包括聯邦政府查看這些信息的權利,這也是奧巴馬政府優先的客題,確保民眾的自由受到尊重。根據憲法,任何人在沒有得到正式許可授權的情況下不得查詢這些信息。執行這些規定的方法還在激烈的辯論當中,可是我可以說,你受到的保護程度,遠遠超過越獄和變形金剛所暗示的樣子。
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Rao Jin asked: "We just talked a lot about freedom and human rights on the Internet. I have seen many American television series and movies, such as <Prison Break>. The CIA has many special powers to do anything it wants. For example, in <The Transformers>, American cruise missiles can hit the Egyptian pyramids at will. I am concerned. I am a user of Gmail, Facebook and Twitter, which many people around the world use. The CIA can use special means to enter those services and obtain personal information. How can users like us be guaranteed that our personal data are secure? Also, I know that the USA has enacted certain laws to monitor the personal email information. Will the Internet control and filtering in the name of anti-terrorism violate the human rights and personal privacy of all users?"
The embassy replied: "This is a very good question. It is very significant. I don't know. Who has the answer? Ben."
Ben: "First of all, I recommend not using <Prison Break> or <The Transformers> as the sole references to understand the American government. Please remember that '24' is virtual. Really. The American media as well as politicians have discussed many issues over the past two years, including personal freedom of information and the right of the Federal government to inspect this information. This is a priority issue for the Obama administration to ensure that the freedom of the people are respected. According to the Constitution, nobody can access these types of information without proper authorization. How to implement these regulations is still being subjected to vigorous debate. I can say that the protection accorded to you far exceeds the examples hinted by <Prison Break> and <The Transformers>."
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饒謹評論:我當然知道《越獄》和《變形金剛》是虛構的,但是這些影視作品折射出的一些信息卻不得不引起我的憂慮。雖然電影可以夸張,但是現實中的美國情報機構不可能是空頭擺設。現實中我們也已經看到了很多例子,比如“竊聽門”風波。(背景:“9·11”恐怖襲擊之后,美國國家安全局獲得總統布什許可,可在沒有法院特許狀的情況下在國內秘密實施竊聽。2005年12月,此事因《紐約時報》揭露而曝光,并引起輿論嘩然,美國國民抨擊這一行為侵犯公民自由權,并迫使布什在今年1月決定停止這一活動。)而就在兩天前,BBC的一篇標題為《UK surveillance plan to go ahead》(英國將著手“盯梢”計劃)的報道吸引了我的注意——英國政府準備記錄所有網絡通信,立法加強網絡監控。
所以,當所有人都在使用facebook等社交網絡并且上傳自己真實的身份信息時,誰能保證美國的情報部門不會滲透到這個領域獲取別國公民的信息?相信奧巴馬的承諾?
附BBC的報道:
UK surveillance plan to go ahead
英國著手(網絡)監控計劃
By Dominic Casciani
Social networks: Data recorded - but not content
社交網絡:數據記錄-并不記錄具體內容
The Home Office says it will push ahead with plans to ask communications firms to monitor all internet use.
英國內政部表示,將推進要求通信公司監控“所有互聯網使用”的計劃。
Ministers confirmed their intention despite concerns and opposition from some in the industry.
部長們重申了他們的目的,不管通信行業是否支持。
The proposals include asking firms to retain information on how people use social networks such as Facebook.
這些計劃包括,要求通信公司保留人們使用“非死不可”(Facebook)等社區網絡的信息。
Some 40% of respondents to the Home Office's consultation opposed the plans - but ministers say communication interception needs to be updated.
大約40%內政部磋商會議的受訪者反對此計劃——但部長們表示,信息監聽方法必須更新。
Both the police and secret security services have legal powers in the UK to intercept communications in the interests of combating crime or threats to national security.
在英國,為了打擊犯罪和保護國家安全利益,警察和安全部門具有合法攔截通信的權力。
But the rules largely focus on communications over telephones and do not cover the whole range of internet communications now being used.
但是,這項制度主要集中在對電話通信的攔截上,并不包括已被廣泛應用的互聯網通訊。
The Home Office says it wants to change the law to compel communication service providers (CSPs) to collect and retain records of communications from a wider range of internet sources, from social networks through to chatrooms and unorthodox methods, such as within online games.
英國內政部表示,希望修改法律,迫使通信服務提供商(CSP)收集和保留互聯網上的海量通訊記錄,有來自社交網絡、在線聊天室,及網絡游戲等非正統的地方。
Ministers say that they do not want to create a single government-owned database and only intend to ask CSPs to hold a record of a contact, rather than the actual contents of what was said.
部長們說,他們并不希望建立一個政府獨有的數據庫,只要求通信服務提供商(CSP)保留聯絡記錄,而不是聯絡的實際內容。
Technically challenging
技術挑戰
Police and other agencies would then be able to ask CSPs for information on when a communication was sent and between whom.
屆時,警察和其他機構能夠要求通信服務提供商提供,哪些人什么時候跟誰有過聯系。
In theory, law enforcement agencies will be able to link that information to specific devices such as an individual's smartphone or laptop.
理論上講,執法機構能夠將這些信息聯系到具體的個人設備,如智能手機或筆記本電腦。
The proposals are technically challenging, as they would require a CSP to sort and organise all third-party traffic coming and going through their systems.The estimated £2bn bill for the project includes compensation for the companies involved.
這個計劃面臨技術上的挑戰,因為他們需要CSP對系統中所有第三方流量進行組織排序,這個項目估計需要20億英鎊預算,包括給相關公司的補償。
Home Office minister David Hanson said: "Communications data is crucial to the fight against crime and in keeping people safe. It is a highly technical area and one which demands a fine balance between privacy and maintaining the capabilities of the police and security services.
內政部部長David Hanson說:“通信數據對于打擊犯罪和保護人民安全是非常重要的。這是一個技術性很強的領域,要求在保護隱私權和維持良好警察和安全服務能力之間做到平衡。
"The consultation showed widespread recognition of the importance of communications data in protecting the public and an appreciation of the challenges which rapidly changing technology poses.
“磋商會議結果顯示,眾人在“利用聯絡數據保護公眾”的重要性上達成普遍共識,并且認識到迅速變化的通信技術所帶來的挑戰。
"We will now work with communications service providers and others to develop these proposals, and aim to introduce necessary legislation as soon as possible."
“現在我們將與通信服務提供商及相關公司合作,完善這項計劃,并且盡快制度相關的法律。”
Opposition and concern
反對和憂慮
The consultation results reveal that 90 of the 221 responses opposed the basic principles that the government should be seeking a method to retain or look at the data.
磋商會議結果顯示,221席中有90席反對政府尋求保留或查看數據的基本原則。
The Home Office said that there was a "widespread but not unanimous" recognition of the role of data in protecting the public.But many concerns related to the detail of what would be done with the information.
英國內政部說,在聯絡數據用于保護公眾上面,獲得了“廣泛但并不完全一致”的共識。但是,很多人憂慮這些信息會用于做什么等細節。
Christopher Graham, the Information Commissioner responsible for overseeing the protection of private information, told the Home Office that while he recognised that the police needed to use communication data to stop crime, this in itself was not a justification to collect all possible data passing through the internet.
負責監督保護個人信息的Christopher Graham專員告訴內政部,雖然,他承認警察需要使用通信數據阻止犯罪,但這用這個理由來收集所有通過互聯網的信息并不正當。
"The proposal represents a step change in the relationship between the citizen and the state," said Mr Graham.
“這項計劃表現了公民和國家的之間的關系有所改變”,Graham先生說。
"For the first time, this proposal is asking CSPs to collect and create information they would not have previously held and to go further in conducting additional processing on that information.
“通信提供商之前不會保留和對這些資料進行進一步處理,這項計劃要求CSP對這些信息進行創建和收集,此屬第一次。
"Evidence for this proposal must be available to demonstrate that such a step change is necessary and proportionate."
“支持這一計劃的證據能夠證明,這個改變是必須并適當的。”
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